When Laura Williams woke in the middle of the night with vomiting and diarrhoea, she assumed it was simply a tummy bug.
As a podiatrist whose work took her to nursing homes around her home town of Worthing, West Sussex, she frequently found herself in environments where infections such as norovirus — the winter vomiting bug — could spread easily.
‘I even texted my boss in the night to say I was pretty certain I’d caught norovirus and wouldn’t be in for a couple of days,’ says Laura.
But rather than making a rapid recovery, Laura, 40, felt much worse.
Alongside the gastrointestinal problems, over the next 48 hours she developed a severe headache, agonising toothache on both sides of her mouth and — terrifyingly — woke one morning to find she could hardly breathe.
‘My neck had completely swelled up overnight and my throat felt like it was closing,’ says Laura.
When Laura Williams woke in the middle of the night with vomiting and diarrhoea, she assumed it was simply a tummy bug
Within hours, she was in hospital undergoing emergency treatment for sepsis — a potentially deadly condition that affects almost 250,000 people a year in the UK and kills around 48,000.
It had been caused by several abscesses deep inside her gums.
Sepsis occurs when the immune system overreacts to an infection. This floods the body with cytokines, proteins that make blood vessels widen, leading to a dramatic fall in blood pressure and widespread inflammation, which can result in tissue damage. It can cause organ failure and death.
Fortunately, Laura’s sepsis was caught just in time and after four days in hospital on large doses of intravenous antibiotics and steroids (to dampen the inflammation) she went home.
But her ordeal was far from over. During the following months she experienced a range of debilitating symptoms, from nightmares to exhaustion and repeated mouth and ear infections.
Her concentration was so poor she’d forget what she was saying mid-sentence, and her temperature would fluctuate so wildly that even when the heating was on full blast at work, she would be ‘shivering so much I looked like I was on a rollercoaster ride’.
She also suffered severe hair loss. More than 18 months after she became ill in February 2019, she still experiences crippling fatigue, lowered immunity and anxiety.
Laura is one of around 80,000 people a year in the UK with post-sepsis syndrome — physical and psychological symptoms that can persist long after the infection.
There are clear parallels with long Covid — the persistence of similar symptoms that’s thought to affect more than two million coronavirus survivors in the UK.
The difference for Laura was her prolonged symptoms were due to a bacterium from dental abscesses. If they had been caused by Covid, she would qualify for NHS treatment and rehabilitation thanks to £10 million initiative set up last October for those with long Covid symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue, brain fog and anxiety.
Respiratory consultants, physiotherapists, GPs and other specialists are working together to help long Covid patients return to normal.
As well as specific checks such as a cardiopulmonary exercise test to measure lung strength, these patients benefit from an online rehabilitation scheme accessible only after a doctor’s referral.
But campaigners are angry that post-sepsis syndrome and similar long-term complications caused by other critical illnesses, such as pneumonia, are not being given the same consideration.
‘Covid-19 can be very disabling, but post-sepsis syndrome is just as bad,’ says intensive care specialist Dr Ron Daniels, executive director of the UK Sepsis Trust charity. ‘About 40 per cent of survivors of sepsis experience debilitating symptoms for 12 to 18 months after infection, sometimes longer.
‘So why are we offering rehabilitation to survivors of Covid-19 but not equally disabling infections?’
A 2017 analysis by the independent think-tank the York Health Economics Consortium estimated that the UK loses £12.8 billion a year through lost productivity due to the after-effects of sepsis — six times more than expected.
