Now Ohio reports seven hepatitis cases in child as young as

Now Ohio reports seven hepatitis cases in child as young as
Now Ohio reports seven hepatitis cases in child as young as

Seven more cases of hepatitis have been detected in Ohio with one child left needing a liver transplant, doctors have said — as the U.S. tally rose to 40 including one death in Wisconsin.

The children were all aged between 18 months and 10 years old, and were treated for the disease at Cincinnati Children's Hospital.

North Dakota today also confirmed its first case of hepatitis in a child, with health chiefs revealing the patient was now recovering at home. They did not need a liver transplant.

A total of 14 states have now reported cases of the mysterious hepatitis, including six liver transplants and one fatality.

Scientists are puzzled by what is triggering the spate of cases because none of the infected children have tested positive for the normal hepatitis-causing viruses.

The leading theory is that adenoviruses — which can trigger the common cold — could be behind the spate of illnesses. But suggestions weakened immunity from lockdowns or a previous Covid infection are behind the cases are yet to be ruled out.

Ohio and North Dakota have become the thirteenth and fourteenth states to report confirmed or suspected cases of the mysterious hepatitis illness 

More than 220 cases of the mysterious disease have been reported across the world to date, in countries including the UK, Ireland and Spain.

A total of four deaths have been registered so far, with one in the U.S. and three being probed in Indonesia.

Q&A: What is the mysterious global hepatitis outbreak and what is behind it? 

What is hepatitis?

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that is usually caused by a viral infection or liver damage from drinking alcohol. 

Some cases resolve themselves, with no ongoing issues, but a fraction can be deadly, forcing patients to need liver transplants to survive.

Why are experts concerned?

Hepatitis is usually rare in children, but experts have already spotted more cases in the current outbreak than they would normally expect in a year.

Cases are of an 'unknown origin' and are also severe, according to the World Health Organization. It has caused up to two deaths and 18 liver transplants.

What are the top theories? 

Co-infection

Experts say the cases may be linked to adenovirus, commonly associated with colds, but further research is ongoing.

This, in combination with Covid infections, could be causing the spike in cases. 

The WHO reported adenovirus has been detected in at least 74 of the cases. At least 20 of the children tested positive for the coronavirus.

Weakened immunity

British experts tasked with investigating the spate of illnesses believe the endless cycle of lockdowns may have played a contributing role.

Restrictions may have weakened children's immunity because of reduced social mixing, leaving them at heightened risk of adenovirus. 

This means even 'normal' adenovirus could be causing the severe outcomes, because children are not responding to it how they did in the past. 

Adenovirus mutation

Other scientists said it may have been the adenovirus that has acquired 'unusual mutations'.

This would mean it could be more transmissible or better able to get around children's natural immunity.

New Covid variant

UKHSA officials included 'a new variant of SARS-CoV-2' in their working hypotheses.

Covid has caused liver inflammation in very rare cases during the pandemic, although these have been across all ages rather than isolated in children. 

Environmental triggers  

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