South Dakota becomes twelfth US state to probe hepatitis case

South Dakota becomes twelfth US state to probe hepatitis case
South Dakota becomes twelfth US state to probe hepatitis case

South Dakota is now probing a case of child hepatitis, becoming the twelfth state to report the disease — after a child in Wisconsin died from the condition.

Health chiefs in the state said the patient was less than 10 years old and lived in Brown County, on the North Dakota border.

It takes the U.S. total to at least 32 confirmed or suspected cases of unexplained hepatitis, including five liver transplants and one death.

Four children are thought to have died from the disease globally, after Indonesia said it was investigating three fatalities.

More than 220 cases have been spotted to date — most in the UK — and there have been 18 liver transplants, but experts warn this could be just the 'tip of the iceberg'. 

Scientists are puzzled by the spate of cases because none of the affected children have tested positive for normal hepatitis-causing viruses.

They have linked many to adenovirus — which can trigger the common cold — and have even suggested lockdowns or a previous Covid infection could be responsible.

South Dakota today became the twelfth state in America to report hepatitis, as health officials probe a case in a child less than 10 years old

South Dakota today became the twelfth state in America to report hepatitis, as health officials probe a case in a child less than 10 years old 

Q&A: What is the mysterious global hepatitis outbreak and what is behind it? 

What is hepatitis?

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that is usually caused by a viral infection or liver damage from drinking alcohol. 

Some cases resolve themselves, with no ongoing issues, but a fraction can be deadly, forcing patients to need liver transplants to survive.

Why are experts concerned?

Hepatitis is usually rare in children, but experts have already spotted more cases in the current outbreak than they would normally expect in a year.

Cases are of an 'unknown origin' and are also severe, according to the World Health Organization. It has caused up to two deaths and 18 liver transplants.

What are the top theories? 

Co-infection

Experts say the cases may be linked to adenovirus, commonly associated with colds, but further research is ongoing.

This, in combination with Covid infections, could be causing the spike in cases. 

The WHO reported adenovirus has been detected in at least 74 of the cases. At least 20 of the children tested positive for the coronavirus.

Weakened immunity

British experts tasked with investigating the spate of illnesses believe the endless cycle of lockdowns may have played a contributing role.

Restrictions may have weakened children's immunity because of reduced social mixing, leaving them at heightened risk of adenovirus. 

This means even 'normal' adenovirus could be causing the severe outcomes, because children are not responding to it how they did in the past. 

Adenovirus mutation

Other scientists said it may have been the adenovirus that has acquired 'unusual mutations'.

This would mean it could be more transmissible or better able to get around children's natural immunity.

New Covid variant

UKHSA officials included 'a new variant of SARS-CoV-2' in their

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